How to Plant Bare Root Trees

1. Introduction

Bare root trees are a popular and cost-effective option for gardeners and landscapers looking to plant trees. These trees are sold without soil or a container, with their roots exposed, making them lighter and easier to transport than potted or container-grown trees. While they may seem unconventional to some, bare root trees offer several advantages that make them an excellent choice for many gardeners. In this article, we’ll walk you through the benefits of planting bare root trees, how to do it properly, and what you can expect in terms of care and maintenance.

Here’s why bare root trees are worth considering:

• Cost-Effective: Bare root trees typically cost less than potted trees due to the lower shipping and handling costs. You can often purchase high-quality trees at a fraction of the price.
• Better Root Growth: Since bare root trees are planted when they are dormant, they tend to establish roots more easily, allowing for quicker adaptation to their new environment.
• Wide Variety: Bare root trees come in a wide variety of species, making it easy for gardeners to select the perfect tree for their needs.
• Environmentally Friendly: With no plastic pots or soil to transport, bare root trees have less environmental impact compared to their potted counterparts.

However, planting bare root trees requires some knowledge and careful handling. This method is not suitable for all types of trees, and timing is crucial. While bare root trees can thrive when planted correctly, improper care can lead to transplant shock or failure. In this article, we’ll provide you with a comprehensive step-by-step guide on:

1. What bare root trees are and how they differ from other types of trees.
2. The best time to plant them to ensure successful establishment.
3. How to prepare for planting and the correct planting process.
4. Post-planting care and maintenance to keep your tree healthy.
5. Common challenges you might face and how to avoid them.

By the end of this article, you’ll be equipped with all the information you need to plant bare root trees confidently and successfully, transforming your garden into a flourishing, tree-filled paradise.

 

2. What Are Bare Root Trees?

Bare root trees are exactly what their name suggests: trees that are sold without soil, pots, or containers. Instead, they come with their roots exposed, typically wrapped in burlap or plastic to protect them during transport. These trees are dug up while they are dormant, which is why they can be sold with bare roots without causing harm to the plant. This method of selling trees is often used for deciduous trees and some other plant varieties.

Here’s a breakdown of how bare root trees are sold and how they differ from other tree types:

• Without Soil or Container: Bare root trees are shipped with only their roots, which are usually kept moist to prevent drying out. This makes them lightweight and easier to handle than potted trees.
• Roots Exposed: The roots are free from soil, so gardeners must plant them soon after purchase to ensure they don’t dry out or become damaged.

Now, let’s compare bare root trees with potted and container-grown trees:

• Potted Trees: These trees come in a container with soil. They are generally more expensive and heavier to transport but can be planted any time during the year, as they already have a developed root system.
• Container-Grown Trees: Similar to potted trees, these trees are also in containers but usually have a larger root ball. They are typically more established, which can make transplanting easier, though they are also more expensive and harder to handle.

Advantages of Bare Root Trees:

• Cost-effective: Lower transportation and handling costs make bare root trees less expensive.
• Better root growth: Without being confined to a pot, the roots can spread and establish quickly in the ground.
• Environmental benefits: Reduced use of plastic and soil for transportation is more eco-friendly.

3. When Is the Best Time to Plant Bare Root Trees?

Planting bare root trees at the right time is crucial for their successful establishment. The best time to plant these trees typically falls during their dormant period. In general, bare root trees should be planted in either early spring or fall, depending on your climate. Let's break down the best planting seasons for various climates:

• Spring (March to May): In colder climates, planting in early spring gives bare root trees a head start before the warmer summer months. The tree has time to establish its roots during the cool spring weather before the heat sets in.
• Fall (September to November): In milder climates, fall planting is ideal because the ground is still warm enough for root growth, yet the tree is entering its dormant state. Fall planting gives the tree a head start as it prepares for the spring growing season.

Climate plays a significant role in determining the best planting time. Here’s how:

• Cold Climates: If you live in a region with cold winters, spring planting is generally the best option. Ground temperatures need to rise above freezing to encourage root development, which can happen during spring thaw.
• Warm Climates: For warmer regions, fall planting works better. The cooler temperatures allow the tree to establish roots without the stress of high summer temperatures.

The Significance of Dormancy: Bare root trees are usually dormant when they are sold, meaning they are not actively growing. Planting them while they are dormant helps prevent transplant shock and ensures that the tree can focus on root establishment instead of top growth.

Warning Signs of Planting Too Early or Too Late:

• Too Early: Planting before the ground has thawed or when it’s still too cold can stress the tree and hinder root growth.
• Too Late: Planting too late in the fall, after the tree has already started to leaf out or when the soil temperature drops too low, can result in poor root establishment and a higher risk of winter damage.

4. Choosing the Right Bare Root Tree

When selecting bare root trees, there are several important factors to consider to ensure your tree will thrive in your garden or landscape. Each tree species has its own unique growth habits, environmental needs, and ideal planting conditions. By taking these factors into account, you can choose the perfect tree for your space.

Factors to Consider When Selecting Bare Root Trees:

• Size: Think about the mature size of the tree and how it will fit into your landscape. Ensure you have enough space for the tree to grow and spread without overcrowding nearby plants or structures.
• Species: Different species have different needs in terms of climate, soil type, and water requirements. Choose a species that is well-suited to your region and soil type.
• Growth Habits: Trees can vary widely in their growth habits, such as their spread, height, and root structure. Some trees grow tall and narrow, while others spread wide. Select a tree that complements the layout and aesthetic of your garden.

Popular Bare Root Tree Varieties and Their Characteristics:

Here are some popular bare root tree varieties and what makes them unique:

Tree Variety	Ideal Climate	Growth Habit	Common Uses
Apple Trees	Temperate	Small to medium	Fruit production
Cherry Trees	Mild climates	Large, spreading	Ornamental & fruit
Oak Trees	Cool, temperate	Large, slow-growing	Shade tree
Maple Trees	Cooler climates	Medium to large	Shade tree

By considering the climate, growth habits, and uses of these trees, you can make a more informed decision about which type of bare root tree is best suited for your garden. Whether you're looking for shade, fruit production, or ornamental beauty, there’s a bare root tree variety that can meet your needs.

5. How to Prepare for Planting Bare Root Trees

Proper preparation is key to ensuring the success of your bare root tree. By preparing the soil, gathering the right tools, and properly handling the roots, you can set your tree up for healthy growth. Follow these steps to prepare for planting bare root trees.

1. Preparing the Soil:

• Check Soil Quality: Before planting, test the soil to make sure it's suitable for the tree you're planting. Different trees have specific soil preferences, so it’s essential to ensure that the soil is rich in nutrients and free from contaminants. A soil test can help you determine if your soil is too acidic or alkaline.
• Improve Drainage: Bare root trees need well-drained soil to prevent root rot. If your soil is clay-heavy or prone to poor drainage, amend it by adding organic matter such as compost or well-rotted manure. This helps improve soil structure, ensuring water drains away from the roots properly.
• Soil Amendments: Depending on the tree species, you may need to amend your soil to adjust pH levels or improve its fertility. For instance, adding lime can raise soil pH for trees that prefer more alkaline conditions, while sulfur can lower pH for more acid-loving species.

2. Tools You’ll Need: Gather the following tools to ensure a smooth planting process:

• Shovel: Use a sharp shovel to dig the planting hole. It should be large enough to accommodate the roots without crowding.
• Watering Can or Hose: Bare root trees must be watered right after planting to help settle the soil around the roots.
• Pruning Shears: While not always necessary, pruning shears can be helpful for trimming damaged roots or branches.
• Soil Test Kit: If you’re unsure about your soil’s quality, a simple test kit can provide essential information about pH, nutrient levels, and drainage.

3. Preparing the Planting Hole: The planting hole is critical for root establishment. Here’s how to ensure the hole is ready:

• Size: Dig a hole that is twice as wide as the root system but no deeper than the tree’s root ball. This allows the roots to spread out and establish more easily.
• Depth: The depth of the hole should match the length of the tree’s roots, with the root collar (where the roots meet the stem) level with or slightly above the soil surface. Planting too deep can suffocate the roots and lead to poor growth.

4. Soaking the Roots Before Planting: Soaking the roots of bare root trees before planting is essential to rehydrate them after being exposed to the air during transport. Here's why it's important:

• Prevents Drying Out: Roots that have dried out can struggle to re-establish once planted. Soaking them in water for several hours (up to 24 hours for some species) helps them absorb moisture and prepares them for the transition to their new home.
• Encourages Root Growth: By hydrating the roots, you’re ensuring they are in the best possible condition for growth once planted, giving them a good start to develop into a healthy, thriving tree.

 

6. Step-by-Step Guide: How to Plant Bare Root Trees

Planting a bare root tree might seem intimidating at first, but with the right approach, it’s a simple process that can result in a healthy, thriving tree. Follow this detailed, step-by-step guide to ensure your bare root tree is planted correctly and gives you the best chance for success.

1. Select and Prepare the Planting Location:

• Choose a location that receives the appropriate amount of sunlight for your tree species. Some trees require full sun, while others thrive in partial shade.
• Ensure the soil is well-draining, as trees planted in soggy or compacted soil may develop root rot.
• Check for enough space for the tree to grow to its full size without being crowded by other plants, structures, or walkways.

2. Dig the Planting Hole to the Appropriate Size:

• The hole should be at least 2–3 times wider than the root system of the tree. This allows the roots to spread out easily.
• The depth of the hole should match the length of the root system. The root collar (where the roots meet the stem) should sit level with or slightly above the soil surface to prevent rot.
• Loosen the soil around the edges of the hole to allow roots to grow outward easily. If the soil is compacted, use a garden fork to break it up.

3. Inspect and Trim the Roots if Necessary:

• Carefully examine the roots for any damaged, broken, or tangled roots. Trim any that look unhealthy using clean pruning shears.
• If the roots are tangled, gently untangle them before planting. Avoid forcing the roots into the hole if they don’t fit naturally.
• Ensure that the roots are spread out in a radial pattern to promote healthy growth.

4. Position the Tree Properly in the Hole (Root Collar Height, Spreading Roots):

• Place the tree in the center of the hole, making sure the root collar is level with or slightly above the soil surface.
• Spread the roots out evenly in all directions, making sure none of them are circling around the root ball. If necessary, gently tease the roots apart to encourage outward growth.
• Double-check that the tree is standing straight and upright in the hole before moving on to the next step.

5. Backfill with Soil and Gently Tamp Down:

• Begin backfilling the hole with soil, working your way around the tree’s roots. Make sure the soil is evenly distributed.
• As you add soil, gently tamp it down with your hands or a foot to eliminate air pockets that could hinder root growth.
• Continue backfilling until the hole is filled, making sure the tree remains upright and the root collar stays at the right level.
• Avoid packing the soil too tightly, as overly compacted soil can prevent proper root development.

6. Water Thoroughly to Settle the Soil Around the Roots:

• After backfilling, water the tree thoroughly to help settle the soil around the roots and eliminate any remaining air pockets.
• Ensure the water soaks deeply into the soil, reaching the roots. If the soil settles too much, top up with a bit more soil to maintain the correct depth.
• Watering also helps activate the soil’s nutrients, giving the tree a healthy start.

7. Mulch Around the Base (But Not Too Close to the Trunk):

• Apply a 2-3 inch layer of mulch around the base of the tree to help retain moisture, regulate soil temperature, and prevent weeds.
• Be sure not to pile the mulch against the tree trunk, as this can promote rot. Leave a small gap around the trunk to allow airflow.
• Mulching is especially important in the first few years after planting as it helps establish a strong root system.

Common Mistakes to Avoid During Planting:

• Planting Too Deep: Ensure the root collar is at the correct level to avoid suffocating the roots or encouraging rot.
• Overwatering: While it’s important to water thoroughly, avoid waterlogging the soil, as this can lead to root rot.
• Not Spreading the Roots: Roots that are left circling or crowded in the hole may struggle to establish themselves properly. Always spread the roots out gently.
• Neglecting Soil Quality: Failing to check the soil’s drainage and nutrient content can affect the tree’s ability to grow. Amend the soil as needed.
• Too Much Mulch: Piling mulch up too high against the trunk can cause moisture retention and lead to trunk rot. Keep mulch at a safe distance from the trunk.

 

7. Aftercare and Maintenance for Bare Root Trees

Once you've successfully planted your bare root tree, proper aftercare is essential to ensure it establishes strong roots and thrives in its new environment. This section outlines the key elements of aftercare, including watering, mulching, fertilizing, staking, pruning, and monitoring tree health.

1. How to Care for the Tree After Planting:

• Watering Schedule:
  • Immediately after planting, water the tree thoroughly to settle the soil around the roots and eliminate air pockets.
  • For the first few weeks, water the tree regularly (about once a week) to help the roots establish. Ensure the water penetrates deeply into the soil.
  • Once the tree begins to establish, reduce watering frequency, but make sure the soil doesn’t dry out completely during dry spells.
  • During hot or dry months, you may need to water more frequently. However, avoid overwatering, as this can lead to root rot.
• Mulching:
  • Apply a 2-3 inch layer of organic mulch around the base of the tree. This helps conserve moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature.
  • Keep mulch away from the tree trunk to prevent rot and pest problems. Leave a gap of a few inches around the trunk to ensure proper airflow.
  • Top up the mulch as it breaks down over time, but be careful not to pile it too high around the base of the tree.
• Fertilizing:
  • Fertilization is important for promoting healthy growth, but should be done carefully in the first year.
  • It’s generally recommended to wait until the tree shows signs of new growth before applying fertilizer.
  • Use a balanced, slow-release fertilizer to avoid overwhelming the young tree with too many nutrients too quickly.
  • Fertilize in the spring, but avoid fertilizing late in the growing season, as this could encourage tender growth that’s susceptible to frost damage.

2. Staking and Supporting Young Trees:

• Newly planted bare root trees may need support to prevent them from leaning or being damaged by wind.
• Use a soft, flexible material (like tree ties or straps) to stake the tree. Avoid using wire or materials that can cut into the trunk.
• Place the stake in the ground away from the root ball, ensuring it’s firmly anchored without disturbing the roots.
• Keep the tree staked for the first 1-2 years, but remember to remove the stake once the tree has become established and can stand on its own.
• As the tree grows, gradually loosen the ties to allow the trunk to grow and strengthen.

3. How to Prune Bare Root Trees During the First Year:

• Pruning is important to promote strong, healthy growth and remove any damaged or weak branches.
• In the first year, only prune the tree lightly, focusing on removing dead or diseased wood and any crossing branches.
• Allow the tree to develop a strong central leader (the main stem) and structure, and avoid excessive cutting that could stress the tree.
• Wait until the tree has established a root system before attempting to do any heavy pruning, typically in the second or third year.

4. Monitoring Tree Health and Addressing Issues:

• Yellowing Leaves:
  • Yellowing leaves can indicate a variety of problems, such as nutrient deficiencies, overwatering, or poor drainage.
  • Check the soil for signs of waterlogging. If the tree is overwatered, reduce watering and improve drainage.
  • If the yellowing is caused by a nutrient deficiency, consider fertilizing with a balanced fertilizer to replenish essential nutrients.
• Wilting:
  • Wilting can be caused by insufficient water, especially during the early stages of establishment. Check the soil moisture and water the tree if necessary.
  • However, wilting can also be a sign of root rot due to overwatering. Make sure the soil is well-draining and avoid excessive watering.
  • If wilting persists despite proper watering, inspect the roots for rot or damage, and take corrective action if needed.
• Other Pests or Diseases:
  • Regularly inspect the tree for signs of pests such as aphids, scale, or caterpillars. If you notice an infestation, treat it with an appropriate pesticide or insecticidal soap.
  • Look out for diseases like fungal infections or root rot. Prune any affected branches and remove fallen leaves or debris from around the base of the tree to prevent further spread.
  • If you suspect a disease or pest issue, consult with a local nursery or arborist for the best course of treatment.

8. Common Challenges When Planting Bare Root Trees

Planting bare root trees can be a rewarding experience, but it’s not without its challenges. Understanding potential problems can help you address them before they hinder the tree’s growth. In this section, we’ll explore common issues gardeners face when planting bare root trees and provide solutions to overcome them.

1. Transplant Shock: Causes and How to Minimize It:

• What Is Transplant Shock? Transplant shock occurs when a newly planted tree struggles to adjust to its new environment. This can result in wilting, yellowing leaves, or stunted growth.
• Causes of Transplant Shock:
  • Roots are disturbed or damaged during transplanting.
  • Inconsistent watering after planting.
  • Environmental stress, such as extreme temperatures or wind.
• How to Minimize Transplant Shock:
  • Soak the roots before planting to rehydrate them.
  • Choose a planting time when the tree is dormant (early spring or fall).
  • Water consistently but avoid overwatering, ensuring the soil is moist but not soggy.
  • Use mulch to keep moisture in the soil and protect the roots.

2. Root Damage: How to Identify and Prevent It:

• Signs of Root Damage:
  • Roots that appear black, mushy, or have a foul smell are signs of rot.
  • Dry, brittle roots may indicate that the tree was not properly hydrated before planting.
• How to Prevent Root Damage:
  • Handle the roots gently during planting to avoid breakage.
  • Trim off any damaged or excessively long roots before planting.
  • Ensure the planting hole is the right size to avoid cramping the roots.

3. Why Some Trees Fail to Thrive After Planting:

• Common Reasons for Failure:
  • Improper planting depth or position, causing the tree to struggle with root development.
  • Inadequate soil conditions, such as poor drainage or nutrient deficiencies.
  • Poor maintenance, including irregular watering or lack of mulching.

4. Solutions for Common Challenges:

• For Transplant Shock: Be patient. It may take a few weeks for the tree to settle. Keep the watering consistent and protect the tree from extreme weather conditions.
• For Root Damage: Remove any damaged roots and ensure the tree is planted in well-drained, healthy soil. Provide regular watering and check for any signs of disease.
• For Trees Failing to Thrive: Double-check your planting techniques. Ensure the tree is positioned properly, and maintain consistent care with the right watering, mulching, and fertilization.

 

9. Pros and Cons of Planting Bare Root Trees

When deciding between bare root trees and potted trees, it’s important to weigh the benefits and drawbacks of each. Below is a comparison of the pros and cons of planting bare root trees versus potted trees to help you make an informed decision.

Table: Pros and Cons of Bare Root Trees vs. Potted Trees

Pros of Bare Root Trees	Cons of Bare Root Trees
Lower cost compared to potted trees	Limited planting time (dormant season)
Easier to handle and transport	Vulnerable roots if not cared for
Wide selection of species available	Requires immediate planting
Faster establishment in the ground	Requires careful root handling

As seen in the table, bare root trees offer several advantages, including lower cost, ease of transport, and faster establishment. However, they do have some challenges, such as the need for planting during specific seasons and the importance of proper root care. By understanding these pros and cons, you can decide if bare root trees are the right choice for your gardening needs.

10. Tips for Ensuring Successful Planting of Bare Root Trees

Successfully planting bare root trees requires careful planning and attention to detail. Here are some essential tips to ensure your tree establishes well in its new environment:

• 1. Choosing the Right Time and Location for Planting:
  • Plant during the tree’s dormant season (typically early spring or late fall) for the best chance of success.
  • Select a location with well-drained soil, adequate sunlight, and space for the tree to grow to its full size.
• 2. Patience Is Key to the Establishment Process:
  • Once planted, allow the tree time to settle into its new home. It may take a season or two to see significant growth.
  • Avoid rushing the process—especially when it comes to pruning or fertilizing. Let the tree establish its roots first.
• 3. Regular Check-ins for Water and Root Development:
  • Check soil moisture regularly, ensuring the roots stay hydrated, but avoid waterlogging. Water deeply when needed.
  • Monitor the tree for signs of stress (e.g., wilting or yellowing leaves) and adjust watering or care as necessary.
  • Inspect the roots periodically for healthy growth. If you notice any issues, such as roots circling the base, correct them promptly.

11. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Here are some of the most common questions people have when planting bare root trees:

• 1. How do I know if a bare root tree is healthy?
  • Healthy bare root trees should have firm, moist roots without any signs of mold, rot, or extreme dryness. Look for a well-developed root system with no major cuts or damage. The tree’s buds should be firm and show no signs of disease or pests.
• 2. Can I plant bare root trees in containers instead of the ground?
  • Yes, you can plant bare root trees in containers, but make sure to choose a large enough container that allows for proper root spread. Ensure the container has good drainage and use a well-draining potting mix. Keep in mind that trees in containers may take longer to establish than those planted directly in the ground.
• 3. How deep should the planting hole be for a bare root tree?
  • The hole should be deep and wide enough to accommodate the tree’s roots without bending or crowding them. Typically, the hole should be about 2-3 times the size of the root ball in width and deep enough for the roots to spread out comfortably (around 18–24 inches deep).
• 4. How often should I water bare root trees after planting?
  • Water the tree thoroughly immediately after planting to settle the soil around the roots. After that, water deeply every 2-3 days for the first few weeks, depending on weather conditions. Ensure the soil remains consistently moist but not waterlogged.
• 5. Do I need to prune bare root trees immediately after planting?
  • It’s generally not necessary to prune bare root trees immediately after planting. However, you may want to remove any damaged or broken branches. Pruning should mainly be done after the tree has established itself and during its dormant season.
• 6. Can bare root trees survive in extreme temperatures?
  • Bare root trees are generally more tolerant of cold temperatures as they are dormant when planted. However, extreme heat or frost after planting can cause stress. It's important to protect the tree during extreme weather by mulching around the base and ensuring proper watering.
• 7. How long can I store bare root trees before planting?
  • Bare root trees should ideally be planted as soon as possible after purchase. However, if you need to store them temporarily, keep the roots moist and cool. You can store bare root trees in a cool, dark place (e.g., a basement or garage) for up to a few weeks, but they should be planted before they begin to bud out.

12. Conclusion

Planting bare root trees is a cost-effective and rewarding way to establish strong, healthy trees in your garden or landscape. From their affordability and wide selection of species to the benefits of easier handling and faster root establishment, bare root trees offer numerous advantages over potted trees.

By following the step-by-step process for planting—preparing the soil, choosing the right tree, and taking proper care during the early stages of growth—you’ll set your trees up for long-term success. Be sure to pay attention to the timing of planting, as well as the tree’s specific needs regarding watering, pruning, and mulching. Regular monitoring of your tree’s health will ensure it thrives and flourishes in its new environment.

Remember, patience is key when it comes to growing bare root trees. Allow your trees time to establish themselves, and with consistent care, you'll see them grow strong and vibrant. Start planting today, and enjoy the benefits of these wonderful trees in your garden or landscape for years to come!

 

Additional Resources

How to Start an Herb Business from Scratch: The Ultimate Guide – XRoci

How to Care for Flowering Shrubs: Expert Tips for Gorgeous Blooms – XRoci

How to Care for Shade-Loving Plants – XRoci